I was under the impression (from my own observations that is) that the instability of an item that drops is based on the number of affix tiers on it, where you get the first 5 for free and then 2 instability per affix tier after that?
So …
2/0/0/0 = 0 instability.
3/3/3/0 would be (9 - 5) * 2 = 8 instability.
7/6/0/0 would be (13 - 5) * 2 = 16 instability.
This works for every item except
4/0/0/0 = 2 instability (bug, should be 0)
4/1/0/0 = 2 instability (bug, should be 0)
5/0/0/0 = 4 instability (bug, should be 0)
5/1/0/0 = 4 instability (bug, should be 2)
All other items with a t5 or t4 on them that have other affix rolls above 1 are ok.
4/1/1/0 = 2 instability = ok.
5/2/0/0 = 4 instability = ok.
Is my maths right, devs?