Affixes: This is the answer that will answer most of the affixes’ questions based on damage type. Adaptive “NAME” is being eliminated and put into the four generic categories as Kain describes.
Match the type to what you are doing and you are good to go. In your case with the hammer THROW it would be Throwing Damage and there is a possibility for Spell depending on the tags. So it will be able to have two damage prefixes (Throwing Damage and Increase Elemental Damage) for example.
Idols will have a single prefix and suffix that will use the generic naming. Start collecting new idols 
Passives: are not the same as the affixes, do not mix the two, it uses the tag type to scale those damage numbers. So with a throwing-based build is best to scale dex, and throwing damage. In the case of the hammer throw, it is throw, strength, and dex.
This puts you in the best position to add the extra damage that comes from the damage type (void) but the base scaling is the new generic damage type. Only when a damage type is added to the scaling tags is considered to be used by gear.
Skills: Kind of the same as the passives in that unless the damage type is listed in the skill tag then it is not going to be scaled.